James Harvey Robinson On Various Kinds of Thinking

A graduate of Harvard and the University of Freiburg in Germany, James Harvey Robinson (1863–1936) served for 25 years as a professor of history at Columbia University. As a co-founder of the New School for Social Research, he viewed the study of history as a way to help citizens understand themselves, their community and the problems and prospects of mankind. In the well-known essay  On Various Kinds of Thinking from his book The Mind in the Making (1921), Robinson employs classification to convey his thesis that for the most part our convictions on important matters...are pure prejudices in the proper sense of that word. We do not form them ourselves. They are the whisperings of the voice of the herd.   In that essay, Robinson defines thinking and that most pleasant type of it, the reverie, or free association of thoughts. He also dissects observation and rationalization at length. About On Various Kinds of Thinking In On Various Kinds of Thinking Robinson says, â€Å"The truest and most profound observations on Intelligence have in the past been made by the poets and, in recent times, by story-writers.† In his opinion, these artists had to hone to a fine point their powers of observation  so that they could accurately record or recreate on the page life and the wide array of human emotions. Robinson also believed that philosophers were ill-equipped for this task because they often displayed â€Å"†¦a grotesque ignorance of mans life and have built up systems that are elaborate and imposing, but quite unrelated to actual human affairs.† In other words, many of them failed to grasp how the average person’s thought process worked and separated the study of the mind from a study of emotional life, leaving them with a perspective that did not reflect the real world. He notes, Formerly philosophers thought of mind as having to do exclusively with conscious thought. The flaw in this, though, is that it doesnt take into account whats happening in the unconscious mind or the inputs coming from the body and outside the body that influence our thoughts and our emotions.   The insufficient elimination of the foul and decaying products of digestion may plunge us into a deep melancholy, whereas a few whiffs of nitrous oxide may exalt us to the seventh heaven of supernal knowledge and godlike complacency. And vice versa, a sudden word or thought may cause our heart to jump, check our breathing, or make our knees as water. There is a whole new literature growing up which studies the effects of our bodily secretions and our muscular tensions and their relation to our emotions and our thinking. He also discusses all that people experience that has an impact on them but that they forget—just as a consequence of the brain doing its daily job as a filter—and those things that are so habitual that we dont even think about them after weve become accustomed to them. We do not think enough about thinking, he writes, and much of our confusion is the result of current illusions in regard to it. He continues: The first thing that we notice is that our thought moves with such incredible rapidity that it is almost impossible to arrest any specimen of it long enough to have a look at it. When we are offered a penny for our thoughts we always find that we have recently had so many things in mind that we can easily make a selection which will not compromise us too nakedly. On inspection, we shall find that even if we are not downright ashamed of a great part of our spontaneous thinking it is far too intimate, personal, ignoble or trivial to permit us to reveal more than a small part of it. I believe this must be true of everyone. We do not, of course, know what goes on in other peoples heads. They tell us very little and we tell them very little....We find it hard to believe that other peoples thoughts are as silly as our own, but they probably are. The Reverie In the section on the reverie of the mind, Robinson discusses stream of consciousness, which in his time had come under scrutiny in the academic world of psychology by Sigmund Freud and his contemporaries. He again criticizes philosophers for not taking this type of thinking into account as important: This is what makes [old philosophers] speculations so unreal and often worthless.  He continues: [Reverie] is our spontaneous and favorite kind of thinking. We allow our ideas to take their own course and this course is determined by our hopes and fears, our spontaneous desires, their fulfillment or frustration; by our likes and dislikes, our loves and hates and resentments. There is nothing else anything like so interesting to ourselves as ourselves....[T]here can be no doubt that our reveries form the chief index to our fundamental character. They are a reflection of our nature as modified by often bidden and forgotten experiences. He contrasts reverie with practical thought, such as making all those trivial decisions that come to us constantly throughout our day, from writing a letter or not writing it, deciding what to purchase, and taking the subway or a bus. Decisions, he says, are a more difficult and laborious thing than the  reverie, and we resent having to make up our mind when we are tired, or absorbed in a congenial reverie. Weighing a decision, it should be noted, does not necessarily add anything to our knowledge, although we may, of course, seek further information before making it.

Vladimir Putin Bio KGB Agent to Russian President

Vladimir Putin is a Russian politician and former KGB intelligence officer currently serving as President of Russia. Elected to his current and fourth presidential term in May 2018, Putin has led the Russian Federation as either its prime minister, acting president, or president since 1999. Long considered an equal of the President of the United States in holding one of the world’s most powerful public offices, Putin has aggressively exerted Russia’s influence and political policy around the world. Vladimir Putin Fast Facts Full Name: Vladimir Vladimirovich PutinBorn: October 7, 1952, Leningrad, Soviet Union (now Saint Petersburg, Russia)  Parents’ Names: Maria Ivanovna Shelomova and Vladimir Spiridonovich PutinSpouse: Lyudmila Putina (married in 1983, divorced in 2014)Children: Two daughters; Mariya Putina and Yekaterina PutinaEducation: Leningrad State UniversityKnown for: Russian Prime Minister and Acting President of Russia, 1999 to 2000; President of Russia 2000 to 2008 and 2012 to present; Russian Prime Minister 2008 to 2012. Early Life, Education, and Career Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin was born on October 7, 1952, in Leningrad, Soviet Union (now Saint Petersburg, Russia). His mother, Maria Ivanovna Shelomova was a factory worker and his father, Vladimir Spiridonovich Putin, had served in the Soviet Navy submarine fleet during World War II and worked as a foreman at an automobile factory during the 1950s. In his official state biography, Putin recalls, â€Å"I come from an ordinary family, and this is how I lived for a long time, nearly my whole life. I lived as an average, normal person and I have always maintained that connection.†Ã‚   While attending elementary and high school, Putin took up judo in hopes of emulating the Soviet intelligence officers he saw in the movies. Today, he holds a black belt in judo and is a national master in the similar Russian martial art of sambo. He also studied German at Saint Petersburg High School, and speaks the language fluently today. Putin and his parents in 1985, just before he went to Germany. Laski Diffusion / Getty Images In 1975, Putin earned a law degree from Leningrad State University, where he was tutored and befriended by Anatoly Sobchak, who would later become a political leader during the Glasnost and Perestroika reform period. As a college student, Putin was required to join the Communist Party of the Soviet Union but resigned as a member in December 1991. He would later describe communism as â€Å"a blind alley, far away from the mainstream of civilization.† After initially considering a career in law, Putin was recruited into the KGB (the Committee for State Security) in 1975. He served as a foreign counter-intelligence officer for 15 years, spending the last six in Dresden, East Germany. After leaving the KGB in 1991 with the rank of lieutenant colonel, he returned to Russia where he was in charge of the external affairs of Leningrad State University. It was here that Putin became an advisor to his former tutor Anatoly Sobchak, who had just become Saint Petersburg’s first freely-elected mayor. Gaining a reputation as an effective politician, Putin quickly rose to the position of first deputy mayor of Saint Petersburg in 1994.   Prime Minister 1999   After moving to Moscow in 1996, Putin joined the administrative staff of Russia’s first president Boris Yeltsin. Recognizing Putin as a rising star, Yeltsin appointed him director of the Federal Security Service (FSB)—the post-communism version of the KGB—and secretary of the influential Security Council. On August 9, 1999, Yeltsin appointed him as acting prime minister. On August 16, the Russian Federation’s legislature, the State Duma, voted to confirm Putin’s appointment as prime minister. The day Yeltsin first appointed him, Putin announced his intention to seek the presidency in the 2000 national election. While he was largely unknown at the time, Putin’s public popularity soared when, as prime minister, he orchestrated a military operation that succeeded resolving the Second Chechen War, an armed conflict in the Russian-held territory of Chechnya between Russian troops and secessionist rebels of the unrecognized Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, fought between August 1999 and April 2009.   Acting President 1999 to 2000 When Boris Yeltsin unexpectedly resigned on December 31, 1999, under suspicion of bribery and corruption, the Constitution of Russia made Putin acting President of the Russian Federation. Later the same day, he issued a presidential decree protecting Yeltsin and his relatives from prosecution for any crimes they might have committed.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   While the next regular Russian presidential election was scheduled for June 2000, Yeltsin’s resignation made it necessary to hold the election within three months, on March 26, 2000.   At first far behind his opponents, Putin’s law-and-order platform and decisive handling of the Second Chechen War as acting president soon pushed his popularity beyond that of his rivals. On March 26, 2000, Putin was elected to his first of three terms as President of the Russian Federation winning 53 percent of the vote. Russian President Vladimir Putin, left, and former Russian President Boris Yeltsin at Putins Kremlin inauguration ceremony. Laski Diffusion / Getty Images First Presidential Term 2000 to 2004 Shortly after his inauguration on May 7, 2000, Putin faced the first challenge to his popularity over claims that he had mishandled his response to the Kursk submarine disaster. He was widely criticized for his refusal to return from vacation and visit the scene for over two weeks. When asked on the Larry King Live television show what had happened to the Kursk, Putin’s two-word reply, â€Å"It sank,† was widely criticized for its perceived cynicism in the face of tragedy.   October 23, 2002, as many as 50 armed Chechens, claiming allegiance to the Chechnya Islamist separatist movement, took 850 people hostage in Moscow’s Dubrovka Theater. An estimated 170 people died in the controversial special-forces gas attack that ended the crisis. While the press suggested that Putin’s heavy-handed response to the attack would damage his popularity, polls showed over 85 percent of Russians approved of his actions. Less than a week after the Dubrovka Theater attack, Putting clamped down even harder on the Chechen separatists, canceling previously announced plans to withdraw 80,000 Russian troops from Chechnya and promising to take â€Å"measures adequate to the threat† in response to future terrorist attacks. In November, Putin directed Defense Minister Sergei Ivanov to order sweeping attacks against Chechen separatists throughout the breakaway republic. Putin’s harsh military policies succeeded in at least stabilizing the situation in Chechnya. In 2003, the Chechen people voted to adopt a new constitution confirming that the Republic of Chechnya would remain a part of Russia while retaining its political autonomy. Though Putin’s actions greatly diminished the Chechen rebel movement, they failed to end the Second Chechen War, and sporadic rebel attacks continued in the northern Caucasus region.  Ã‚   During the majority of his first term, Putin concentrated on improving the failing Russian economy, in part by negotiating a â€Å"grand bargain† with the Russian business oligarchs who had controlled the nation’s wealth since the dissolution of the Soviet Union in the early 1990s. Under the bargain, the oligarchs would retain most of their power, in return for supporting—and cooperating with—Putin’s government.   According to financial observers at the time, Putin made it clear to the oligarchs that they would prosper if they played by the Kremlin rules. Indeed, Radio Free Europe reported in 2005 that the number of Russian business tycoons had greatly increased during Putin’s time in power, often aided by their personal relationships with him.   Whether Putin’s â€Å"grand bargain† with the oligarchs actually â€Å"improved† the Russian economy or not remains uncertain. British journalist and expert on international affairs Jonathan Steele has observed that by the end of Putin’s second term in 2008, the economy had stabilized and the nation’s overall standard of living had improved to the point that the Russian people could â€Å"notice a difference.† Second Presidential Term 2004 to 2008 On March 14, 2004, Putin was easily re-elected to the presidency, this time winning 71 percent of the vote.   During his second term as president, Putin focused on undoing the social and economic damage suffered by the Russian people during the collapse and dissolution of the Soviet Union, an event he called â€Å"the greatest geopolitical catastrophe of the Twentieth Century.† In 2005, he launched the National Priority Projects designed to improve health care, education, housing, and agriculture in Russia. On October 7, 2006—Putin’s birthday— Anna Politkovskaya, a journalist and human rights activist, who as a frequent critic of Putin and had exposed corruption in the Russian Army and cases of its improper conduct in the Chechnya conflict, was shot to death as she entered the lobby of her apartment building. While Politkovskaya’s killer was never identified, her death brought criticism that Putin’s promise to protect the newly-independent Russian media had been no more than political rhetoric. Putin commented that Politkovskaya’s death had caused him more problems than anything she had ever written about him.   In 2007, Other Russia, a group opposed to Putin led by former world chess champion Garry Kasparov, organized a series of â€Å"Dissenters’ Marches† to protest Putin’s policies and practices. Marches in several cities resulted in the arrests of some 150 protestors who tried to penetrate police lines. In the December 2007 elections, the equivalent of the U.S. mid-term congressional election, Putin’s United Russia party easily retained control of the State Duma, indicating the Russian people’s continued support for him and his policies. The democratic legitimacy of the election was questioned, however. While some 400 foreign election monitors stationed at polling places stated that the election process itself had not been rigged, the Russian media’s coverage had clearly favored candidates of United Russia. Both the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe and the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe concluded that the elections were unfair and called on the Kremlin to investigate alleged violations. A Kremlin-appointed election commission concluded that not only had the election been fair, but it had also proven the â€Å"stability† of the Russian political system.   Second Premiership 2008 to 2012 With Putin barred by the Russian Constitution from seeking a third consecutive presidential term, Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev was elected president. However, on May 8, 2008, the day after Medvedev’s inauguration, Putin was appointed Prime Minister of Russia. Under the Russian system of government, the president and the prime minister share responsibilities as the head of state and head of the government, respectively. Thus, as prime minister, Putin retained his dominance over the country’s political system.   In September 2001, Medvedev proposed to the United Russia Congress in Moscow, that Putin should run for the presidency again in 2012, an offer Putin happily accepted. Third Presidential Term 2012 to 2018   On March 4, 2012, Putin won the presidency for a third time with 64 percent of the vote. Amid public protests and accusations that he had rigged the election, he was inaugurated on May 7, 2012, immediately appointing former President Medvedev as prime minister. After successfully quelling protests against the election process, often by having marchers jailed, Putin proceeded to make sweeping—if controversial—changes to Russia’s domestic and foreign policy.  Ã‚   In December 2012, Putin signed a law prohibiting the adoption of Russian children by U.S. citizens. Intended to ease the adoption of Russian orphans by Russian citizens, the law stirred international criticism, especially in the United States, where as many as 50 Russian children in the final stages of adoption were left in legal limbo.  Ã‚  Ã‚   The following year, Putin again strained his relationship with the U.S. by granting asylum to Edward Snowden, who remains wanted in the United States for leaking classified information he gathered as a contractor for the National Security Agency on the WikiLeaks website. In response, U.S. President Barack Obama canceled a long-planned August 2013 meeting with Putin.   Also in 2013, Putin issued a set of highly controversial anti-gay laws outlawing gay couples from adopting children in Russia and banning the dissemination of material promoting or describing â€Å"nontraditional† sexual relationships to minors. The laws brought worldwide protests from both the LGBT and straight communities.  Ã‚   In December 2017, Putin announced he would seek a six-year—rather than four-year—term as president in July, running this time as an independent candidate, cutting his old ties with the United Russia party.   After a bomb exploded in a crowded Saint Petersburg food market on December 27, injuring dozens of people, Putin revived his popular â€Å"tough on terror† tone just before the election. He stated that he had ordered Federal Security Service officers to â€Å"take no prisoners† when dealing with terrorists. In his annual address to the Duma in March 2018, just days before the election, Putin claimed that the Russian military had perfected nuclear missiles with â€Å"unlimited range† that would render NATO anti-missile systems â€Å"completely worthless.† While U.S. officials expressed doubts about their reality, Putin’s claims and saber-rattling tone ratcheted up tensions with the West but nurtured renewed feelings of national pride among Russian voters.   Fourth Presidential Term 2018 On March 18, 2018, Putin was easily elected to a fourth term as President of Russia, winning more than 76 percent of the vote in an election that saw 67 percent of all eligible voters cast ballots. Despite the opposition to his leadership that had surfaced during his third term, his closest competitor in the election garnered only 13 percent of the vote. Shortly after officially taking office on May 7, Putin announced that in compliance with the Russian Constitution, he would not seek reelection in 2024.   President Trump and President Putin Hold a Press Conference in 2018. Chris McGrath / Getty Images On July 16, 2018, Putin met with U.S. President Donald Trump in Helsinki, Finland, in what was called the first of a series of meetings between the two world leaders. While no official details of their private 90-minute meeting were published, Putin and Trump would later reveal in press conferences that they had discussed the Syrian civil war and its threat to the safety of Israel, the Russian annexation of Crimea, and the extension of the START nuclear weapons reduction treaty.   Interference in 2016 US Presidential Election During Putin’s third presidential term, allegations arose in the United States that the Russian government had interfered in the 2016 U.S. presidential election.   A combined U.S. intelligence community report released in January 2017 found â€Å"high confidence† that Putin himself had ordered a media-based â€Å"influence campaign† intended to harm the American public’s perception of Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton, thus improving the electoral chances of eventual election winner, Republican Donald Trump. In addition, the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is investigating whether officials of the Trump campaign organization colluded with high ranking Russian officials to influence the election.   While both Putin and Trump have repeatedly denied the allegations, the social media website Facebook admitted in October 2017 that political ads purchased by Russian organizations had been seen by at least 126 million Americans during the weeks leading up to the election. Personal Life, Net Worth, and Religion Vladimir Putin married Lyudmila Shkrebneva on July 28, 1983. From 1985 to 1990, the couple lived in East Germany where they gave birth to their two daughters, Mariya Putina and Yekaterina Putina. On June 6, 2013, Putin announced the end of the marriage. Their divorce became official on April 1, 2014, according to the Kremlin. An avid outdoorsman, Putin publicly promotes sports, including skiing, cycling, fishing, and horseback riding as a healthy way of life for the Russian people.   While some say he may be the world’s wealthiest man, Vladimir Putin’s exact net worth is not known. According to the Kremlin, the President of the Russian Federation is paid the U.S. equivalent of about $112,000 per year and is provided with an 800-square foot apartment as an official residence. However, independent Russian and U.S. financial experts have estimated Putin’s combined net worth at from $70 billion to as much as $200 billion. While his spokespersons have repeatedly denied allegations that Putin controls a hidden fortune, critics in Russia and elsewhere remain convinced that he has skillfully used the influence of his nearly 20-years in power to acquire massive wealth.   A member of the Russian Orthodox Church, Putin recalls the time his mother gave him his baptismal cross, telling him to get it blessed by a Bishop and wear it for his safety. â€Å"I did as she said and then put the cross around my neck. I have never taken it off since,† he once recalled.   Notable Quotes As one of the most powerful, influential, and often-controversial world leaders of the past two decades, Vladimir Putin has uttered many memorable phrases in public. A few of these include:   â€Å"There is no such thing as a former KGB man.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"People are always teaching us democracy but the people who teach us democracy dont want to learn it themselves.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Russia doesn’t negotiate with terrorists. It destroys them.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"In any case, I’d rather not deal with such questions, because anyway it’s like shearing a pig—lots of screams but little wool.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"I am not a woman, so I don’t have bad days.†Ã‚   Sources and References â€Å"Vladimir Putin Biography.† Vladimir Putin official state biographyâ€Å"Vladimir Putin – President of Russia.† European-Leaders.com (March 2017)â€Å"First Person: An Astonishingly Frank Self-Portrait by Russias President Vladimir Putin.† The New York Times (2000)â€Å"Putin’s Obscure Path From KGB to Kremlin.† Los Angeles Times (2000)â€Å"Vladimir Putin quits as head of Russias ruling party.† The Daily Telegraph (2002)â€Å"Russian lessons.† Financial Times. September 20, 2008â€Å"Russia: Bribery Thriving Under Putin, According To New Report.† Radio Free Europe (2005)Steele, Jonathan. â€Å"Putin’s legacy is a Russia that doesnt have to curry favour with the west.† The Guardian, September 18, 2007Bohlen, Celestine (2000). â€Å"YELTSIN RESIGNS: THE OVERVIEW; Yeltsin Resigns, Naming Putin as Acting President To Run in March Election.† The New York Times.Sakwa, Richard (2007). â€Å"Putin : Ru ssias Choice (2nd ed.).† Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. ISBN 9780415407656.Judah, Ben (2015). â€Å"Fragile Empire: How Russia Fell in and Out of Love with Vladimir Putin.† Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0300205220.

A Literature Review Based On Pancreatic Cancer - 1940 Words

A Literature Review Based on Pancreatic Cancer Pancreatic cancer is the cancer that appears quickly and many die just as quick. Pancreatic cancer is the least known cancer to the medical world; puzzling doctors because most are not sure what diagnosis to look for. However, the risk factors include smoking, diabetes, and obesity. Studies show that pancreatic cancer has a higher percentage in the African American community due to environmental risk factors (John Hopkins Pathology, 2012). The risk factors of pancreatic cancer are habits that most Americans have developed and can not seem to break. There are five major risk factors that people should consider which include the following; Genetics, Diabetes, Smoking, Obesity and Diet (Wax, 2012). Pancreatic cancer runs in five to ten percent of people who have immediate family members who have also had it (Wax, 2012). Different genes have been indicated as risk but no â€Å"pancreatic cancer gene† has yet been discovered (Wax, 2012). â€Å"People with diabetes develop Pancreatic cancer about twice as often then people without it† (Margolis, 2002, p.497) and the two diseases have been linked (Wax, 2012). Tobacco use is known to increase the risk of pancreatic cancer (Cancer Research UK, 2013). Smoking will double the risk in developing the disease (Wax, 2012). People, who quit smoking, can reduce the risk of pancreatic, lung, mouth, and certain other cancers and diseases. It is a known fact that people with a body mass index ( BMI) higherShow MoreRelatedPancreatic Cancer : The Most Effective Form Of Treatment For Patients3330 Words   |  14 PagesSPECIFIC AIMS: Pancreatic Cancer is currently one of the deadliest cancers in the world. In the United States alone, Pancreatic Cancer was the fourth leading cause of death among males and third in females causing 19,480 and 24,530 deaths respectively (Siegel et al., 2013). It has a five year survival rate of less than three percent in the United States (Siegel et al., 2013). This is mainly due to late diagnosis, surgical difficulties, aggressive metastases and resistance to apoptosis (Li et al.Read MoreCase Questions For Medical Nutrition Therapy Essay1486 Words   |  6 Pagesextreme obesity or class III, is defined as an individual having a BMI of 40 kg/m2 or greater. This classification is made based on increased risk for comorbidities, including hypertension, cardiovascular disease, sleep apnea, gallbladder disease, metabolic syndrome, type II diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, osteoarthritis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, hormonal cancers, and depression, among others.1 2. Describe the primary health risks involved with untreated morbid obesity. What health risksRead MoreThe importance of research in nursing Introduction Research is a time consuming method of1700 Words   |  7 Pagesexercise and the general laziness of our younger generation, and others may feel that it is due to an insufficient diet and the fault of parents/guardians for not giving their children the type of food that meets their nutritional requirements. Research based nursing, in my opinion, should be an indispensable part of every health service as it is essential in the the delivery of effective and safe health and social care (Department of Health, 2005). History of Nursing Research: Florence Nightingale hasRead MoreThe Molecular Mechanism Of Disease Development Essay1954 Words   |  8 Pagesexpression changes in various pathologic tissues, mostly in cancer tissue (e.g., acute myeletic leukemia (AML), prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer, colon cancer and ovarian cancer) (supplementary Table S1). This is not surprising, as most of these cancers are epidermal in origin, and HS is also a manifestation of modification of skin, also of epidermal origin. Lapins (Lapinset al., 2001) reported an increased risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer among patients with HS. In the present study, genes involvedRead MoreAnalysis Of Vipassana Meditation ( Vm )1854 Words   |  8 Pageswho had a Whipples procedure due to pancreatic cancer. Patient was hypoglycemic which caused this incident. Imaging shows patient has atelectasis, an ejection fraction of 55-60%, and a dilated right ventricle. Patient presented in the intensive care unit, with a diagnosis of acute respiratory failure, metabolic encephalopathy, Type 1 diabetes mellitus with diabetic nerve disease, cardiac arrhythmia/sinus bradycardia, aspiration pneumonia, and pancreatic cancer. I visited the patient at his bedsideRead MoreThe Long Term Health Consequences Of Deprived Prenatal Nutrition3084 Words   |  13 Pagesepigenome. Numerous animal and human model studies reveal that insufficient and inappropriate maternal diet during critical periods of pregnancy have been associated with many chronic diseases including obesity, diabetes and various cancers in offspring. This literature review aims t o highlight health impacts of poor maternal nutrition on progeny adulthood and analyze, through various models of research, the origins and mechanisms of these epigenetic changes. Understanding the basis of early life nutritionalRead MoreUnusual Presentation Of Metastatic Sebaceous Carcinoma2680 Words   |  11 Pagesof chemotherapy in the treatment of metastatic disease has been reported. Here, we report a case of recurrent sebaceous carcinoma metastatic to the rectum (initially mimicking rectal cancer and Muir–Torre syndrome) in which the disease responded to multiple lines of chemotherapy. We also review the available literature on chemotherapy in this disease and discuss the role of tumour profiling and genotype-guided selection of chemotherapy agents in such rare tumours. Key Wordsâ€Æ'Metastatic sebaceous carcinomaRead MoreHistory of Medicine1796 Words   |  7 Pagesbacking the medicinal use of marijuana it is on the rise again of being legal. Legalization of marijuana should be granted just for the fact of its medicinal benefits. The medicinal purposes of medical marijuana are vast, from diseases like: glaucoma, cancer, HIV, multiple sclerosis, PTSD, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Crohn’s Disease, and Alzheimer’s disease to conditions like: chronic pain, nausea, migraines, seizures, cachexia, asthma, depression, epilepsy, and muscle spasms. A very large number of soldiersRead MoreAdult Gerontology Primary Care Provider Msn / 8662015 Words   |  9 Pagesespecially the pneumococcal vaccine in regards to her having a chronic condition Diabetes. Patient also given literature, patient at this time declines for personal reasons. Patient cervical cancer screening is not due until 12/6/2015. Patient also due for breast cancer screening, order written, patient will call to set up appointment. Patient up to date on tetanus, next vaccination is 1/1/2016 Review of systems: General: Patient denies fever, chills, malaise, weight loss or weight gain, denies changesRead MoreThe Use Of Garcinia Cambogia And Hydroxycitric Acid On Weight Loss Essay2262 Words   |  10 PagesA Systematic Review Comparing the Use of Garcinia Cambogia and Hydroxycitric acid in Weight Loss. A Proposal submitted to the Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, as partial fulfillment for the Masters degree in technology: Homoeopathy By Naailah Kalla (Student Number: 201114060) Supervisor: Dr Neil Gower M.Tech Hom (TWR), CML (UNISA) Date Co-supervisor:

Good Leader One Who Knows the Way

Question: Write about theGood Leaderfor One Who Knows the Way. Answer: Introduction This is one of the best quote for any organization that need to develop effective leadership style to survive in this competitive era. Organizational leadership has been cited as the critical part for an organization to achieve best management approach that identifies what is best for a team or individuals so as to bring the best out of them and improve organizational performance (Sarros et al., p. 289). According to Tannenbaum et al. (2013, p. 320), a leader is someone who create vision and develop actions that are implemented by team to successfully transform vision to reality. The most important aspect of Maxwells quote is that a leader can be meaning that everyone has capacity to be a leader. By religious background has enriched me with great knowledge on what it takes to be a leader particular the need to have determination, courage and disciple so as to be a great leader like Moses, Joshua, Solomon and many more who contributed to great success of Israelites. One of the best bi blical verse that encourages leaders to press on with their roles is in Galatians 6:9, Let us not become weary in doing good, for at the proper time we will reap a harvest if we do not give up (Good News Bible, p. 228). A Leader is the One Who Knows the Way A leader who knows the way has a vision and sets the goals that sees an organization achieving a preferable competitive state in the future. According to organization learning theory, organization learning is achieved through inquiry where the leader interacts with the team members so as to set clear vision (Siemens, p. 39). The theory necessitates developing a vision and changing goals and actions to adapt to rapidly changing external and internal environments (Kolb, A.Y. and Kolb, p. 1216). I believe I am a leader since I have created my own vision in relation to academics, I believing in having the best performance. By knowing vision, I am always working hard to learn more so as to achieve best results that are in line with my academic vision. Furthermore, I collaborate with by course mates so as to excel as a team. Many great businessmen have attributed their success to vision. Steve Jobs believed that a great vision lead to excellent products that satisfies the need of customers and will make the customers continue buying companys brands (Isaacson, p. 96). Steve saw future in his Apple Company by developing vison and plans making it a reality to best deliver electronics that gained huge market base (Finkle and Mallin, p. 31). Many authors have pointed out that visualizing future state of organization is a vital for business leaders to achieve competitive advantage, successful leaders have been associated with great visions while downfall leaders have been attributed to lack of vision (Blanchard and Miller, p. 41). However, it is important to note that a vision should match trends over time since non-responsive vision may lead to erotic results. It is believed that the vision is impacted by context of time and thus it is necessary for leaders to have a vision that maximizes on present opportunities while being prepared for future uncertainties (Kouzes and Posner, p.48). The Dot Com businesses saw opportunity in use of internet to connect with customers and ground their activities to match advancement in information and technology. Vision therefore creates opportunity for leaders to lay foundation for success of their organizations. There are many advantages associated with envisioning exciting possibilitiesin an organization. Firstly, a vison inspires organization and its employees to work harder to bridge the gap between the present and future of an organizations (Boyatzis et al., p. 19). This motivate employees to undertake duties and responsibilities to implement vison and achieve goals. The organization has to make various changes to respond to business needs thus the vision form basis for decision making. A leader who knows the way therefore knows what has to be achieved for the company to be successful (vision). A Leader is the One Who goes the Way A leader who goes the way is a good example to subordinates by working the talk. This leader not only tell junior employees what to do but also does what he/she is saying. The leader has to pursue what it takes to achieve future state of organization. The leaders must possess special attributes like courage to enable him/her undertake particular actions regardless of hardships or risks involved (Tannenbaum et al, p. 24). Leading by action influence behaviors, thoughts and attitudes of subordinate staff (Hannah, Walumbwa and Fry, p. 776). I believe I have been a great inspiration to my younger siblings. Whatever I do, I always do to perfection. Furthermore, I have encouraged many youths to discover their potential particularly resisting peer pressure and working towards achieving person goals. Leading by example has been great inspiration to many. The organizational learning theory acknowledges that organization is prone to abnormal outcomes that deviates from what was expected. A leader who is part of actions in an organization is able to interact with members effectively and build a strong relationship. This relationship encourages adoption of theory-in-use that is characterized by brainstorming to solve problem rather than espoused theory that strictly follows formalized regulations of organization when solving problem (Savaya and Gardner, p. 149). The espoused theory is known to kill creativity and innovation of employees since they are forced to follow strict instructions when carrying out their jobs. Theory-in-use offers huge potential for employees to learn through social forums like inquiring from co-workers or their leader. A leader that undertakes action with employees is able to indulge in double learning where he/she is able to change organizational assumptions that govern actions so as to create conducive environm ent for employees to showcase their talents and abilities in solving organization problems (Hoerl and Gardner, p.33). The leaders who act on things they say are able to translate intentions and ideas to reality. David Cameron, former Britain prime minister is a true leader who believed in treaties of European Union. However, when the citizens made decision through vote to cease being member of European Union, Cameron resigns since he did not like that idea (Goodwin and Heath, p. 323). This is leading by example where a leader sacrifices personal financial loss so as not to undertake what is opposite to what he/she believes. The case of Cameron can be seen as setting standard for what is appropriate. Many leaders have failed their followers by not setting right examples. Many problems experienced by children are largely attributed to failure of parents to provide proper guidance. Some parents consciously or unconsciously set certain codes for family like dressing, diet and other behaviors yet they do the opposite and thus children imitate what parents do. Many psychologists are of idea that parents should be good role model to their children since the young ones are under constant observation and are likely to adopt behaviors like smoking, alcohol abuse, violence, eating well or any activity exhibited by parents or any other adult (Carr, p.15). Gandhi gain huge recognition and great followers by leading in doing what is right. The organization present opportunity for modelling good behaviors to employees so as to develop best corporate culture. The supervisor who criticizes certain behaviors like spending more time on social networks and arriving late for work while doing the opposite is uncalled for a leader who goes the way. Jack Welch became successful in business by adopting idea of abolishing unnecessary restrictions to achieve boundary-less organization that allowed employees to think of new ideas freely (Parkes et al., p. 17). He kept his word and many employees follow his action thus transforming General Electric to being successful company. A Leader is the One Who Shows the Way A leader needs to maintain close contacts with employees so as to empower them to achieve the vision. According to this phrase, a leader should do with other employees what is needed to pursue the future state of the organization. There are many strategies that can be adopted by leaders in order to persuade employees to work hard. This means that a leader must collaborate with junior employees rather than expressing authority. A leader is able to develop positive influence over his/her employees by encouraging them to what is right and also working with them. Good communication boost confidence among employees. There are many mediums that leader can use to interface with employees including emails, phone calls, face-to-face conversation and company website. The leaders are expected to demonstrate truth and fairness so as to communicate vision effectively to others. It is also important to allow employees share their views concerning processes in organization so as to offer additional support they may require to do their jobs better. Employee engagement can further be achieved by treating employees with respect and dignity (Ajala, p. 144). This is to motivate them to be happy and in return they are able to offer excellent services to clients and make customers happy. References Ajala, E.M., 2012, June. The influence of workplace environment on workers welfare, performance and productivity. In The African Symposium (Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 141-149). Blanchard, K. and Miller, M., 2014. The secret: what great leaders know and do. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Boyatzis, R.E., Smith, M.L., Van Oosten, E. and Woolford, L., 2013. Developing resonant leaders through emotional intelligence, vision and coaching. Organizational Dynamics, 42(1), pp.17-24. Carr, A., 2015. The handbook of child and adolescent clinical psychology: A contextual approach. Routledge. Finkle, T.A. and Mallin, M.L., 2010. Steve Jobs and Apple, Inc. Journal of the International Academy for Case Studies, 16(7), p.31. Goodwin, M.J. and Heath, O., 2016. The 2016 Referendum, Brexit and the Left Behind: An Aggregate?level Analysis of the Result. The Political Quarterly, 87(3), pp.323-332. Hannah, S.T., Walumbwa, F.O. and Fry, L.W., 2011. Leadership in action teams: team leader and members authenticity, authenticity strength, and team outcomes. Personnel Psychology, 64(3), pp.771-802. Hoerl, R.W. and Gardner, M.M., 2010. Lean Six Sigma, creativity, and innovation. International Journal of Lean Six Sigma, 1(1), pp.30-38. Isaacson, W., 2012. The real leadership lessons of Steve Jobs. Harvard business review, 90(4), pp.92-102. Kolb, A.Y. and Kolb, D.A., 2012. Experiential learning theory. In Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning (pp. 1215-1219). Springer US. Kouzes, J.M. and Posner, B.Z., 2011. Credibility: How leaders gain and lose it, why people demand it (Vol. 244). John Wiley Sons. Parkes, M., Milner, K. and Gilbert, P., 2010. Vocation, vocation, vocation: spirituality for professionals in mental health services. International Journal of Leadership in Public Services, 6(3), pp.14-25. Sarros, J.C., Tanewski, G.A., Winter, R.P., Santora, J.C. and Densten, I.L., 2002. Work alienation and organizational leadership. British Journal of Management, 13(4), pp.285-304. Savaya, R. and Gardner, F., 2012. Critical reflection to identify gaps between espoused theory and theory-in-use. Social work, pp. 145-154. Siemens, G., 2014. Connectivism: A learning theory for the digital age. Tannenbaum, R., Weschler, I. and Massarik, F., 2013.Leadership and organization. Routledge. Finkle, T.A. and Mallin, M.L., 2010. Steve Jobs and Apple, Inc. Journal of the International Academy for Case Studies, 16(7), p.31.